Lung Cancer

Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases among men worldwide. At the same time, in many countries, it is distinguished by a high mortality rate.

The main risk factor for lung cancer is smoking — including passive smoking, which also increases risk. Quitting smoking significantly reduces the likelihood of developing the disease. Environmental pollution is another contributing factor.

Lung cancer is classified according to cellular structure into two main groups: small cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These types differ in growth rate, patterns of spread, and treatment approaches.

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) consists of small, round, densely packed cells that divide rapidly and spread quickly throughout the body. It tends to infiltrate surrounding tissues and metastasize early, especially through the lymphatic system and bloodstream. SCLC most commonly occurs in smokers.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a more slowly progressing form of lung cancer that includes several histological subtypes — adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. This type usually develops more locally and spreads at a slower rate.

Lung cancer is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, after the onset of clinical symptoms. In some cases, it is detected incidentally during examinations for other medical conditions.

Clinical symptoms: Common symptoms of lung cancer include cough, shortness of breath, chest pain, hemoptysis (coughing up blood), and hoarseness.

Treatment: Treatment choice depends on the type of lung cancer and the stage of disease progression. Management may involve surgical intervention, chemotherapy, and/or radiation therapy, either alone or in combination.