Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignant disease among women. Each year, approximately two million new cases of breast cancer are reported worldwide.

Several factors increase the risk of developing breast cancer, including obesity after menopause, postmenopausal hormone (endocrine) therapy, older age, race (it is more common among white women), early menarche or late menopause, absence of childbirth, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption.

At the same time, some factors may reduce the risk of breast cancer, such as breastfeeding, regular physical activity, and maintaining a healthy weight after menopause.

Women with a family history of breast cancer, ovarian, peritoneal, or fallopian tube cancer, as well as those who have previously undergone chest radiation therapy, are at higher risk of developing breast cancer.

Ultrasound (sonography) and mammography are essential diagnostic tools for the detection of breast cancer.

To confirm the diagnosis and determine the tumor type, a biopsy is performed. After diagnosis, assessment of the stage and extent of the disease is crucial, as it directly influences the choice of treatment strategy.

Genetic predisposition: Both personal and family history of breast cancer play an important role. In rare cases, genetic mutations—such as pathogenic variants of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes—may contribute to the development of breast cancer.

Prevention: Regular screening is vital for the prevention and early detection of breast cancer. It is recommended that women undergo breast ultrasound examinations annually starting at age 25, and mammography beginning at age 45 and older.

Timely identification of changes ensures effective treatment and better outcomes.