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Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a type of chronic leukemia that originates from bone marrow cells. In CML, the bone marrow begins to produce large numbers of abnormal white blood cells called myeloid cells. The disease is caused by a chromosomal alteration that results in the formation of the Philadelphia chromosome. This diagnosis is significant because modern targeted therapies are highly effective against this specific chromosome.
CML progresses through three phases: chronic, accelerated, and blast. The chronic phase typically develops slowly and may last for several years, often with mild or no symptoms. In later phases, patients may experience fatigue, weight loss, and enlargement of the spleen.
Statistics: CML is relatively rare, accounting for approximately 15–20% of all leukemias. It can occur at any age but is most common in individuals over 40, with a median age of around 64.
Heredity: CML is generally not hereditary. The Philadelphia chromosome, which causes the disease, is acquired during a person’s lifetime and is not passed down genetically.
